How to Build a Fire the Right Way with Your Family

Learn the safe, step-by-step process to build a proper campfire with kids of all ages.

  1. Before You Start: Safety and Preparation. Choose a safe location away from overhanging branches, dry grass, or flammable materials. Use an existing fire ring or create a circle of rocks on bare soil. Keep a bucket of water, garden hose, or fire extinguisher nearby. Check local fire restrictions and weather conditions – never build fires during windy conditions or fire bans. Clear the area within 10 feet of any debris like leaves or pine needles.
  2. Gather Your Materials. You'll need three types of fuel: tinder (small, dry materials like newspaper, dry grass, or birch bark), kindling (pencil-thin to thumb-thick dry twigs), and fuel wood (arm-thick to wrist-thick dry logs). This is a perfect job for kids – send them on a scavenger hunt for different sized sticks. Make sure all wood is completely dry and dead. Avoid using treated lumber, painted wood, or green branches as these can release toxic fumes.
  3. Build Your Fire Structure. Start with a small pile of tinder in the center of your fire ring. Build a small nest around the tinder using the finest kindling, leaving gaps for air to flow through. Create a larger teepee shape around this using progressively thicker kindling pieces. Have your fuel wood ready nearby, but don't add it until the kindling is burning well. The key is building up gradually – many fires fail because people add thick wood too quickly.
  4. Light and Maintain Your Fire. Light the tinder with matches or a lighter, protecting the flame from any breeze with your hands. Blow gently at the base of the flames to provide oxygen. As the kindling catches, gradually add slightly larger pieces. Once you have a good flame going, add your fuel wood one piece at a time. Always add wood to the upwind side so flames lean away from you. Never leave your fire unattended, even for a minute.
  5. Put Out Your Fire Completely. Start putting out your fire at least 20 minutes before you plan to leave. Pour water slowly over the entire fire, starting from the edges and working toward the center. Stir the ashes and embers with a shovel or stick, then add more water. Continue stirring and adding water until everything is cold to the touch. The ashes should be cool enough that you can hold your hand five inches above them without feeling heat.